How to Change a MariaDB/MySQL Data Directory to a New Location on Linux

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mysql -u root -p

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select @@datadir;

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Output:
  +-----------------+
  | @@datadir       |
  +-----------------+
  | /var/lib/mysql/ |
  +-----------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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exit

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sudo systemctl stop mariadb
sudo systemctl status mariadb

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Output:
  mysql systemd[1]: Stopped MariaDB database server.

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sudo rsync -av /var/lib/mysql /mnt/my-volume-01

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sudo mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql.bak

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sudo vi /etc/my.cnf

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[mysqld]
. . .
datadir=/mnt/my-volume-01/mysql
socket=/mnt/my-volume-01/mysql/mysql.sock
. . .

[client]
port=3306
socket=/mnt/my-volume-01/mysql/mysql.sock

!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

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sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl status mariadb

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mysql -u root -p

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select @@datadir;

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Output
+----------------------------+
| @@datadir                  |
+----------------------------+
| /mnt/my-volume-01/mysql/ |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

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exit

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sudo rm -Rf /var/lib/mysql.bak